The leadership environment has become more complex, with CEOs facing twice as many issues today. McKinsey’s Kurt Strovink and Carolyn Dewar studied top CEOs for their new book, “A CEO for All Seasons.” High-performing leaders maintain a curiosity and learning mindset, challenging complacency and fostering candor.

JPMorgan Chase CEO Jamie Dimon advocates for organizational candor, encouraging teams to bring their worst selves to address problems openly. Leaders must create a culture of edge thinking, candor, and confidence building without scarring experiences. McKinsey’s CEO Practice aims to guide CEOs in this challenging leadership landscape.

The book highlights the challenges faced by CEOs, with a high turnover rate in the first three years. Failed CEO transitions cost companies billions annually. Top quintile CEOs generate 30x more economic profit than the next three quintiles combined. Leadership talent is unevenly distributed, impacting company success.

Barclays’ Jim Rossman notes a record number of CEO turnovers due to activist campaigns, making the CEO role more precarious. Shareholder activists enforce private equity standards on public companies, focusing on efficiency and value. CEOs are now viewed as operators rather than revered figures, facing immense external pressure. The CEO churn rate in public companies is attributed to the influence of the private equity model, with technology and index funds playing significant roles. McKinsey’s research shows top CEOs succeed by being adaptable and embracing discomfort. Leaders like Michael Dell and Jamie Dimon combat complacency by constantly pushing for innovation.

The CEO Practice emphasizes the importance of trusted advisors for CEOs due to the loneliness of the job. Successful leaders in the private-equity-influenced era make bold decisions with incomplete information while maintaining humility and constant learning. Legacy building, like Brad Smith’s leadership development engine, is vital for the next generation of leaders.

Surprisingly, the book found no “sophomore slump” in leadership among the 200 leaders profiled, as they consistently improved over time. The focus is on tracing the development of leaders through the eras and setting up the next generation for success. Brad Smith’s legacy of developing future CEOs is highlighted as a remarkable leadership quality.

Read more at Yahoo Finance: McKinsey studied the most successful Fortune 500 CEOs and found they share one similar trait